Alkaloids - Opium

 Alkaloids Opium

Opium

Synonyms: Raw opium.

Biological source:

    It is the dried latex obtained by incision from the unripe capsules of papaver  somniferum Linn.,

Geographical source: 

    India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, turkey, Russia, China, Iran.

Cultivation, collection, preparation: 

    1.Being a potent narcotic drug, cultivation and other aspects of opium governed by respective government in different countries includes India .
    2.In India about 54 thousand hectares of land is under opium poppy cultivation.It is under goverment control & cultivation of poppy is restricted in MP, Rajasthan,Uttar Pradesh.

Macroscopic characters: 
    Odour: strong characteristic 
    Taste: bitter.
    Type of opium : indian opium, Persian, Manipulated opium, Natural turkish or European opium.

Chemical constituents: 
        1.Narceine
        2.Papaverin
        3.Morphine
        4.Codeine.
Uses:

    Hypnotic sedative and analgesic.
    For the severe pain ,morphine are used as the pain reliever.

 Alkaloids :
>>  1. Vinca    2.Rauwolfia    3.Opium   4. Belladonna